ゲルマニウム
32
Ge
族
14
周期
4
ブロック
p
陽子
電子
中性子
32
32
41
一般特性
原子番号
32
原子量
72.63
質量数
73
カテゴリ
半金属
色
灰色
放射性
いいえ
From the Latin word Germania, Germany
結晶構造
面心立方格子
歴史
In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties based on its position on his periodic table and called the element eka-silicon.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
電子殻
2, 8, 18, 4
電子配置
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Germanium and the oxide are transparent to infrared radiation
物理特性
相
固体
密度
5.323 g/㎝3
融点
1211.4 K | 938.25 °C | 1720.85 °F
沸点
3106.15 K | 2833 °C | 5131.4 °F
融解熱
31.8 kJ/mol
蒸発熱
334 kJ/mol
熱容量
0.32 J/g·K
地殻中における存在比
0.00014%
宇宙空間における存在比
0.00002%
CAS登録番号
7440-56-4
PubChem CID番号
6326954
原子特性
原子半径
122 pm
共有結合半径
122 pm
電気陰性度
2.01 (ポーリングの値)
イオン化エネルギー
7.8994 eV
モル体積
13.6 ㎝3/mol
熱伝導率
0.599 W/㎝·K
酸化数
-4, 1, 2, 3, 4
用途
The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor in electronics.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is not known to be toxic
同位体
安定同位体
70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge不安定同位体
58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 71Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge