オスミウム
76
Os
族
8
周期
6
ブロック
d
陽子
電子
中性子
76
76
114
一般特性
原子番号
76
原子量
190.23
質量数
190
カテゴリ
遷移元素
色
灰白色
放射性
いいえ
From the Greek word osme, meaning smell
結晶構造
六方最密構造
歴史
Osmium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
電子殻
2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
電子配置
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Osmium is the least abundant stable element in the Earth's crust
物理特性
相
固体
密度
22.61 g/㎝3
融点
3306.15 K | 3033 °C | 5491.4 °F
沸点
5285.15 K | 5012 °C | 9053.6 °F
融解熱
31 kJ/mol
蒸発熱
630 kJ/mol
熱容量
0.13 J/g·K
地殻中における存在比
1.8×10-7%
宇宙空間における存在比
3×10-7%
画像の出典: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Osmium crystals produced by chemical transport reaction in chlorine gas
CAS登録番号
7440-04-2
PubChem CID番号
23937
原子特性
原子半径
135 pm
共有結合半径
144 pm
電気陰性度
2.2 (ポーリングの値)
イオン化エネルギー
8.4382 eV
モル体積
8.49 ㎝3/mol
熱伝導率
0.876 W/㎝·K
酸化数
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
用途
Osmium is used alloyed with other metals in the platinum group to produce very hard alloys.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Even low concentrations in air can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage
同位体
安定同位体
184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 192Os不安定同位体
161Os, 162Os, 163Os, 164Os, 165Os, 166Os, 167Os, 168Os, 169Os, 170Os, 171Os, 172Os, 173Os, 174Os, 175Os, 176Os, 177Os, 178Os, 179Os, 180Os, 181Os, 182Os, 183Os, 185Os, 186Os, 191Os, 193Os, 194Os, 195Os, 196Os