炭素
6
C
族
14
周期
2
ブロック
p
陽子
電子
中性子
6
6
6
一般特性
原子番号
6
原子量
12.0107
質量数
12
カテゴリ
非金属元素
色
黒色
放射性
いいえ
名前の由来は、ラテン語の carbo (木炭) からきた言葉です。
結晶構造
六方最密構造
歴史
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
電子殻
2, 4
電子配置
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
物理特性
相
固体
密度
2.267 g/㎝3
融点
3948.15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
沸点
4300.15 K | 4027 °C | 7280.6 °F
融解熱
105 kJ/mol
蒸発熱
715 kJ/mol
熱容量
0.709 J/g·K
地殻中における存在比
0.18%
宇宙空間における存在比
0.5%
CAS登録番号
7440-44-0
PubChem CID番号
5462310
原子特性
原子半径
67 pm
共有結合半径
77 pm
電気陰性度
2.55 (ポーリングの値)
イオン化エネルギー
11.2603 eV
モル体積
5.31 ㎝3/mol
熱伝導率
1.29 W/㎝·K
酸化数
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
用途
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
同位体
安定同位体
12C, 13C不安定同位体
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C