ベリリウム
4
Be
族
2
周期
2
ブロック
s
陽子
電子
中性子
4
4
5
一般特性
原子番号
4
原子量
9.012182
質量数
9
カテゴリ
アルカリ土類金属
色
灰白色
放射性
いいえ
名前の由来は、 ギリシャ語の beryllos (緑柱石) です
結晶構造
六方最密構造
歴史
Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin discovered beryllium in the oxide form in both beryl and emeralds in 1798.
Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride.
The first commercially-successful process for producing beryllium was developed in 1932 by Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt.
Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride.
The first commercially-successful process for producing beryllium was developed in 1932 by Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt.
電子殻
2, 2
電子配置
[He] 2s2
Emerald is a naturally occurring compound of beryllium
物理特性
相
固体
密度
1.85 g/㎝3
融点
1560.15 K | 1287 °C | 2348.6 °F
沸点
2742.15 K | 2469 °C | 4476.2 °F
融解熱
7.95 kJ/mol
蒸発熱
297 kJ/mol
熱容量
1.825 J/g·K
地殻中における存在比
0.00019%
宇宙空間における存在比
1×10-7%
CAS登録番号
7440-41-7
PubChem CID番号
5460467
原子特性
原子半径
112 pm
共有結合半径
96 pm
電気陰性度
1.57 (ポーリングの値)
イオン化エネルギー
9.3227 eV
モル体積
4.9 ㎝3/mol
熱伝導率
2.01 W/㎝·K
酸化数
1, 2
用途
Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator.
Beryllium metal is used for lightweight structural components in the defense and aerospace industries in high-speed aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles and satellites.
Unlike most metals, beryllium is virtually transparent to x-rays and hence it is used in radiation windows for x-ray tubes.
Beryllium metal is used for lightweight structural components in the defense and aerospace industries in high-speed aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles and satellites.
Unlike most metals, beryllium is virtually transparent to x-rays and hence it is used in radiation windows for x-ray tubes.
Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care
同位体
安定同位体
9Be不安定同位体
5Be, 6Be, 7Be, 8Be, 10Be, 11Be, 12Be, 13Be, 14Be, 15Be, 16Be