カリウム
19
K
族
1
周期
4
ブロック
s
陽子
電子
中性子
19
19
20
一般特性
原子番号
19
原子量
39.0983
質量数
39
カテゴリ
アルカリ金属
色
銀色
放射性
いいえ
From the English word, potash - pot ashes; Latin kalium, Arab qali, alkali
結晶構造
体心立方格子
歴史
Potassium's symbol K comes from 'kalium' the name of the element in Germany and Scandinavia.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
電子殻
2, 8, 8, 1
電子配置
[Ar] 4s1
People whose diets are low in potassium can suffer from hypokalemia
物理特性
相
固体
密度
0.862 g/㎝3
融点
336.53 K | 63.38 °C | 146.08 °F
沸点
1032.15 K | 759 °C | 1398.2 °F
融解熱
2.33 kJ/mol
蒸発熱
76.9 kJ/mol
熱容量
0.757 J/g·K
地殻中における存在比
1.5%
宇宙空間における存在比
0.0003%
CAS登録番号
7440-09-7
PubChem CID番号
5462222
原子特性
原子半径
227 pm
共有結合半径
203 pm
電気陰性度
0.82 (ポーリングの値)
イオン化エネルギー
4.3407 eV
モル体積
45.46 ㎝3/mol
熱伝導率
1.024 W/㎝·K
酸化数
-1, 1
用途
The greatest demand for potash has been in its use for fertilizers.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium must be handled with great care with full skin and eye protection
同位体
安定同位体
39K, 41K不安定同位体
32K, 33K, 34K, 35K, 36K, 37K, 38K, 40K, 42K, 43K, 44K, 45K, 46K, 47K, 48K, 49K, 50K, 51K, 52K, 53K, 54K, 55K