リン
15
P
族
15
周期
3
ブロック
p
陽子
電子
中性子
15
15
16
一般特性
原子番号
15
原子量
30.973762
質量数
31
カテゴリ
非金属元素
色
無色
放射性
いいえ
From the Greek phosphoros, light bearing; ancient name for the planet Venus when appearing before sunrise
結晶構造
単純 三斜晶
歴史
Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in 1669, in Hamburg, Germany, preparing it from urine.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
電子殻
2, 8, 5
電子配置
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms - white phosphorus and red phosphorus
物理特性
相
固体
密度
1.82 g/㎝3
融点
317.25 K | 44.1 °C | 111.38 °F
沸点
553 K | 279.85 °C | 535.73 °F
融解熱
0.64 kJ/mol
蒸発熱
12.4 kJ/mol
熱容量
0.769 J/g·K
地殻中における存在比
0.099%
宇宙空間における存在比
0.0007%
CAS登録番号
7723-14-0
PubChem CID番号
5462309
原子特性
原子半径
98 pm
共有結合半径
107 pm
電気陰性度
2.19 (ポーリングの値)
イオン化エネルギー
10.4867 eV
モル体積
17.0 ㎝3/mol
熱伝導率
0.00235 W/㎝·K
酸化数
-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
用途
Many fertilisers contain a high proportion of phosphorus and are manufactured from concentrated phosphoric acids.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
White phosphorus is highly toxic while red phosphorus is considered non-toxic
同位体
安定同位体
31P不安定同位体
24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P